Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
11:06
3D Printing of Preclinical X-ray Computed Tomographic Data Sets
Published on: March 22, 2013
41.0K
3D Nanoprinted Plastic Kinoform X-Ray Optics.
Umut T Sanli1, Hakan Ceylan2, Iuliia Bykova1
1Modern Magnetic Systems Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 25, 2018
Summary
Researchers developed advanced 3D-printed X-ray optics called kinoforms with high aspect ratios. These novel optics achieve high efficiency, enabling new applications in materials science and medicine.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- High-performance X-ray focusing demands complex 3D nanoscale geometries.
- Kinoforms, ideal zone plates, are difficult to fabricate with high aspect ratios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel 3D fabrication method for high-performance kinoforms.
- To demonstrate the superior performance of these advanced X-ray optics.
Main Methods:
- Femtosecond two-photon 3D nanoprinting of low-loss plastics.
- Characterization using direct soft X-ray imaging and ptychography.
Main Results:
- Successfully fabricated kinoforms with unprecedented aspect ratios.
- Achieved high focusing efficiency up to 20%.
Conclusions:
- Established advanced focusing optics for synchrotron and laboratory X-ray sources.
- Proposed on-chip integration for enhanced X-ray wavefront control.
- Opened new avenues for X-ray applications in materials science and medicine.
Related Concept Videos
02:18X-ray Crystallography
26.2K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.2K
00:58Plasticity
3.1K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
3.1K
01:31Plasticizers
374
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
374
01:21Plastic Behavior
580
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
580
01:14Plastic Deformations
471
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
471
01:19Plastic Deformations
471
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
471