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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats.

Martins Back Netto1, Aloir Neri de Oliveira Junior1, Mariana Goldim1

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.

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|July 25, 2018
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Summary

Tibial fracture surgery in elderly rats caused memory loss. This was linked to increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondria, and lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.

Keywords:
Mitochondrial respiratory chainOxidative stressPostoperative cognitive dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Surgical Research

Background:

  • Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive abilities after surgery, affecting elderly individuals disproportionately.
  • The precise mechanisms linking surgery, particularly bone fractures, to POCD remain incompletely understood, involving complex neuro-immune interactions.
  • Investigating these mechanisms in an aging population is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of POCD in elderly rats using an experimental tibial fracture model.
  • To assess the impact of tibial fracture on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and neurotrophin levels in the brain.
  • To correlate these biochemical changes with cognitive performance in aged rats.

Main Methods:

  • Elderly male Wistar rats underwent either tibial fracture (TF) or a sham procedure.
  • Biochemical markers including oxidative stress indicators (nitrite/nitrate, lipid peroxidation), antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, and creatine kinase (CK) were measured.
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and cognitive functions (open field, novel object recognition) were assessed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Main Results:

  • The TF group exhibited elevated nitrite/nitrate levels and increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the brain.
  • Antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex function were significantly reduced post-surgery.
  • BDNF levels were decreased, and cognitive impairments in memory tasks were evident in the TF group compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly rats with tibial fractures demonstrate significant memory impairment.
  • These cognitive deficits are associated with heightened oxidative stress, compromised mitochondrial function, and reduced neurotrophin levels in the brain.
  • The tibial fracture model provides insights into the pathophysiology of POCD in aging individuals.