Exercise alarms the immune system: A HMGB1 perspective.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Exercise Physiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The "danger" model proposes that the immune system detects endogenous danger signals.
• Alarmins are endogenous molecules released to signal cellular stress or damage.
• Strenuous exercise disrupts homeostasis, leading to increased circulating alarmins and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of exercise-induced High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in immune modulation.
• To present a working concept of HMGB1's function in exercise-induced immune responses and adaptations.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual review and synthesis of existing research on alarmins and exercise.
• Focus on High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) as a key alarmin in this context.

Main Results:

• Strenuous exercise increases circulating levels of alarmins.
• High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is identified as a crucial alarmin released during exercise.
• HMGB1 plays a role in modulating immune responses and physiological adaptations to exercise.

Conclusions:

• Exercise-induced HMGB1 is a significant factor in the immune system's response to physical stress.
• Understanding HMGB1's function provides insights into exercise-related inflammation and adaptation.
• This framework aids in comprehending the interplay between exercise, alarmins, and immune regulation.