Nanomaterial-based biosensors and immunosensors for quantitative determination of cardiac troponins
Alireza Nezami1, Sadegh Dehghani2, Rahim Nosrati3
1Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Insights
This study reviews biosensors and immunosensors for detecting cardiac troponins (cTnI and cTnT), key biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). These advanced methods offer rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a prevalent type of CVD, necessitating accurate diagnostic biomarkers.
- Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are established "gold standard" biomarkers for AMI diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in biosensor and immunosensor technologies for cardiac troponin detection.
- To highlight the potential of these methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective AMI diagnosis.
- To provide a classification and overview of current research progress in optical and electrochemical platforms.
Main Methods:
- Overview of cardiac troponin biomarkers.
- Classification and description of biosensor and immunosensor research.
- Focus on optical and electrochemical detection platforms for cTnI and cTnT.
Main Results:
- Traditional methods for cTnI and cTnT detection have limitations.
- Biosensors, especially nano-scale variants, offer enhanced sensitivity and specificity.
- Optical and electrochemical platforms show promise for high-precision cardiac troponin determination.
Conclusions:
- Biosensors and immunosensors represent a significant advancement in diagnosing AMI.
- These technologies enable rapid, early, reliable, and cost-effective detection of cardiac troponins.
- Further development in nano-scale biosensors can improve patient survival and prognosis for CVDs.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent mortality cause in many countries. The acute myocardial infraction (AMI) is one of the most common types of CVDs. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) as predominant cardiac infarction biomarkers considered as "gold standard" for diagnosis of acute myocardial infraction (AMI). The restrictions of traditional methods have encouraged the development of highly sensitive and specific methods for cTnI and cTnT detection. The rapid, early, reliable, and cost-effective diagnosis of CVDs not only helps with patient survival, but also save cost and time to prosperous prognosis. In recent years, the concept of biosensors has opened new horizons in high precision detection. Once combined with nanomaterials, nano-scale biosensors provide powerful analytical platforms for diagnosing of cTnI and cTnT. In this article, after a brief overview of the cardiac troponins, a classification and description of the research progresses of biosensors and immunosensors for the detection and quantitative determination of cardiac troponins based on optical and electrochemical platforms are presented.
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