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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Composite Bodies00:55

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A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
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Composition of Blood01:22

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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
Formed elements constitute the remaining 45% of the blood volume. These...
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Composition of Body Fluids01:29

Composition of Body Fluids

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Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
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Composite areas are structures with multiple basic shapes connected in some way. These shapes usually include rectangles, triangles, circles, and other basic shapes that are connected in such a way as to form a single structure. Calculating the second moment of area for a composite area is essential when trying to understand the structure's overall stiffness.
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
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Pathogens and Their Effect on Exosome Biogenesis and Composition.

Leandra B Jones1,2, Courtnee' R Bell3,4, Kartz E Bibb5

  • 1Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA. ljones@alasu.edu.

Biomedicines
|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Exosomes, tiny vesicles, facilitate cell communication and transport biomolecules. Their unique properties make them promising biomarkers and therapeutics for various diseases, including microbial infections.

Keywords:
Trypanosoma cruzibacteriabiomarkerexosomesleishmaniasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication.
  • They carry diverse biomolecules like miRNA, mRNA, proteins, and DNA.
  • Exosomes are found in numerous cell types and possess unique targeting capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore exosome biogenesis and composition.
  • To investigate the relationship between exosomes and non-viral microbial infections.
  • To highlight the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on exosome biology.
  • Analysis of studies on exosome interactions with pathogens.
  • Discussion of exosome-mediated communication in infection.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes play a role in intercellular signaling and biomolecule transport.
  • Their characteristics suggest potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
  • Exosomes are implicated in the host-pathogen interactions with bacteria and protozoa.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are versatile nanovesicles with significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
  • Understanding exosome involvement in microbial infections is crucial for developing new treatments.
  • Further research into exosome biogenesis and function can unlock novel disease strategies.