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Alterations in cardiovascular structure and function with advancing age.

J L Fleg

    The American Journal of Cardiology
    |February 12, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Aging affects cardiovascular structure and function, leading to arterial stiffening and left ventricular hypertrophy. While resting systolic function remains unchanged, aerobic capacity and maximal heart rate decline with age.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Gerontology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Aging complicates the study of cardiovascular changes due to intertwined diseases and lifestyle factors.
    • Age-related arterial stiffening increases systolic blood pressure, imposing a greater load on the heart.
    • A modest concentric left ventricular hypertrophy develops with age as an adaptive mechanism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the specific effects of aging on cardiovascular structure and function.
    • To differentiate age-related changes from disease and lifestyle influences.
    • To investigate the impact of aging on cardiac mechanics and exercise capacity.

    Main Methods:

    • Echocardiography and radionuclide techniques to assess resting systolic left ventricular function.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of aerobic exercise capacity, including total work performance and maximal oxygen consumption.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and heart rate during exercise.

    • Main Results:

    • Resting systolic left ventricular function is unaffected by aging.
    • Aerobic exercise capacity declines with age, with a slower decline in physically active individuals.
    • Maximal exercise heart rate universally declines with age.
    • Cardiac output at rest and during exercise shows no decline in carefully screened subjects, with the Frank-Starling mechanism compensating for reduced heart rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging leads to arterial stiffening and left ventricular hypertrophy, but resting cardiac function is preserved.
    • Aerobic capacity and maximal heart rate decrease with age, though physical activity mitigates this decline.
    • The cardiovascular system adapts to aging, with mechanisms like the Frank-Starling response maintaining cardiac output during exercise.