Developmental biology of the upper limb
1Institut de la Main, Clinique Bizet, 22, rue Georges-Bizet, 75116 Paris, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation
|July 26, 2018
Summary
This review details upper limb developmental biology, focusing on limb bud formation and patterning. Understanding these processes, including signaling centers and morphogens, aids surgeons in diagnosing congenital anomalies.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Embryology
- Anatomy
Background:
- Hand surgeons require updated knowledge on upper limb developmental biology.
- Congenital anomalies of the upper limb necessitate a deep understanding of embryogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the developmental biology of the upper limb for hand surgeons.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying limb development and congenital anomalies.
Main Methods:
- Review of limb bud development along proximal-distal, anteroposterior, and dorsoventral axes.
- Description of key signaling centers and morphogens (FGFs, Sonic hedgehog, WNT7A).
- Analysis of limb segmentation and digital ray formation.
Main Results:
- Detailed explanation of limb axis formation and patterning.
- Identification of signaling centers and morphogens crucial for development.
- Correlation of developmental steps with potential congenital anomalies.
- Discussion of thumb singularity in development.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced understanding of upper limb developmental biology improves insight into congenital anomalies.
- This knowledge forms the basis for classifications like the OMT classification by IFFSH.
Keywords:
BMPBiologie moléculaireCongenital anomalyGènes HOXHOX genesHandMainMalformation congénitaleMembre supérieurMolecular BiologyMorphogenesisMorphogenèseSonic hedgehogUpper limbWNTMore Related Videos
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