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Device-Embedded Cameras for Eye Tracking-Based Cognitive Assessment: Validation With Paper-Pencil and Computerized
Nicholas Bott1,2, Erica N Madero2, Jordan Glenn2
1Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|July 26, 2018
Summary
Eye tracking tests using device cameras show promise for assessing cognitive decline in older adults. Performance on a Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) task correlated with cognitive composite scores, validating this approach for dementia risk screening.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Eye tracking is increasingly used to assess cognition in older adults, especially those at risk for dementia.
- Device-embedded cameras offer scalable, accessible screening for preclinical cognitive decline.
- Validation requires comparing eye tracking paradigms to established cognitive assessments.
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine the relationship between a Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) recognition memory task and cognitive composite indices in healthy older adults.
- Compare scoring accuracy between a high-frame-rate (60 FPS) commercial eye tracker and a low-frame-rate (3 FPS) laptop webcam.
- Investigate the correlation between VPC task performance and domain-specific cognitive functions.
Main Methods:
- 49 clinically normal older adults completed a 30-minute VPC task.
- Eye movements recorded simultaneously by a commercial eye tracker and a laptop webcam.
- VPC performance correlated with Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) and NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB).
- Inter-rater reliability assessed using Krippendorff's kappa; correlations analyzed with Spearman's Rho.
Main Results:
- Modest correlations found between VPC novelty preference and PACC (r=.39) and NIHTB-CB (r=.35) scores.
- Significant correlations observed with letter fluency, category fluency, and Trail Making Test A.
- High agreement between 60 FPS eye tracker and 3 FPS webcam for VPC performance (r=.82 to .92).
- Manual scoring of webcam data showed high inter-rater reliability (kappa=.84).
Conclusions:
- A 30-minute VPC task shows modest correlation with cognitive composites used for preclinical Alzheimer's disease detection.
- Camera device type did not significantly impact the strength of these relationships.
- Device-embedded cameras provide a reliable and valid method for VPC task assessment, correlating with existing cognitive measures.
Keywords:
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