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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Differentiating Functional Roles of Gene Expression from Immune and Non-immune Cells in Mouse Colitis by Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Differentiating Functional Roles of Gene Expression from Immune and Non-immune Cells in Mouse Colitis by Bone Marrow Transplantation

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[Immune Checkpoint Induced Colitis].

Yasutaka Sukawa1, Yasuo Hamamoto, Takanori Kanai

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi) therapy can cause colitis, with diarrhea as a key symptom. Early diagnosis and prompt corticosteroid treatment are crucial for managing this serious adverse event.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) are revolutionary cancer therapies.
  • Colitis is a significant adverse event associated with ICPi, particularly anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.
  • Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever, mimicking other conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnosing and managing ICPi-induced colitis.
  • To outline diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for ICPi-induced colitis.
  • To emphasize the distinct management of ICPi-induced colitis compared to conventional chemotherapy side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology.

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  • Diagnostic evaluation including sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy with biopsy.
  • Assessment of symptom severity, particularly diarrhea (CTCAE Grade 2+).

    • Main Results:

    • Prompt diagnosis requires excluding infectious enterocolitis and tumor-related symptoms.
    • Ulcerative lesions may indicate resistance to initial steroid therapy.
    • Diarrhea severity is a critical factor in treatment decisions.

    Conclusions:

    • ICPi-induced colitis necessitates prompt recognition and management.
    • Discontinuation of ICPi and initiation of corticosteroid therapy are recommended for moderate to severe cases.
    • Gastroenterologist consultation is essential for timely and appropriate care, especially for steroid-resistant cases where infliximab may be considered.