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Extrahippocampal Contributions to Age-Related Changes in Spatial Navigation Ability.

Jimmy Y Zhong1, Scott D Moffat1

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.

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|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Older adults experience spatial navigation decline, with extrahippocampal brain regions like the striatum and prefrontal cortex playing key roles. Future research should examine brain interactions for better understanding.

Keywords:
associative learning and memorycognitive agingexecutive functioningprefrontal cortexspatial navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related spatial navigation decline is well-documented, often linked to the hippocampus.
  • Navigation is complex, involving multiple cognitive domains and potentially extrahippocampal brain systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cognitive domains contributing to age-related navigation decline.
  • To highlight the role of extrahippocampal regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex and striatum, in aging navigation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on allocentric strategy use, associative learning, and executive functions in aging.
  • Synthesis of neuroimaging evidence implicating specific brain regions and circuits.

Main Results:

  • Age-related declines affect allocentric strategy use, associative learning (landmarks, directions), and executive functions (attention).
  • Neuroimaging supports the striatum's role in egocentric strategies and the prefrontal cortex in executive functions for navigation.
  • The fronto-locus coeruleus noradrenergic system and fronto-hippocampal circuit are implicated in strategy switching and associative learning.

Conclusions:

  • Extrahippocampal regions, especially the prefrontal cortex, are crucial for navigation in older adults.
  • Future studies should adopt a systems-level approach, investigating interactions between the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and extrahippocampal regions.
  • Individual differences in prefrontal executive processes among older adults warrant further investigation.