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Method for detecting viruses in aerosols.

C Wallis, J L Melnick, V C Rao

    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    |November 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel method efficiently recovers human enteric viruses from aerosols using specialized filters. This technique enables virus detection in aerosols generated from flushing toilets with poliovirus contamination.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Virology
    • Public Health Microbiology

    Background:

    • Human enteric viruses pose a significant public health risk.
    • Aerosol transmission of enteric viruses is a concern in various settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simple and effective method for recovering human enteric viruses from aerosols.
    • To assess the potential for virus aerosolization from wastewater sources.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Filterite filters (0.45-micron pore size) moistened with glycine buffer (pH 3.5) for adsorbing aerosolized poliovirus.
    • Employed rapid elution with glycine buffer (pH 10) for virus recovery.
    • Reconcentrated virus from the eluate using pH adjustment, AlCl3 addition, and collection on a 0.25-micron Filterite disk.

    Main Results:

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    • Achieved complete retention of aerosolized poliovirus on filters, even at high airflow rates (100 L/min).
    • Successfully detected poliovirus in aerosols generated from flushing toilets containing 3 x 10^8 PFU.
    • Detected poliovirus in aerosols from fecal material of infants vaccinated with oral polio vaccine.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method is effective for recovering enteric viruses from aerosols.
    • Demonstrated the potential for human enteric virus aerosolization from wastewater, highlighting a transmission route.
    • The method's sensitivity is sufficient to detect viruses excreted by infected individuals.