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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Urinary System01:13

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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[Urinary marker-old wine in new bottles?]

K Fischer1

  • 1Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätklinikum Halle/Saale, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle/Saale, Deutschland. kersten.fischer@medizin.uni-halle.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Urine molecular markers show promise but lack routine clinical use due to insufficient validation and high costs. Standardizing methods and demonstrating cost-effectiveness are key for realizing comprehensive urine diagnostics.

Keywords:
BiomarkerBladder cancerKidney cancerProstate cancerUrine

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urine molecular markers offer potential for clinical diagnostics but are not yet standard practice.
  • Current research parameters often lack validation in large patient cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for clinical validation and cost-effectiveness analysis of urine-based molecular markers.
  • To discuss impediments to widespread adoption, including standardization and cost.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current status and challenges in urine-based molecular diagnostics.
  • Discussion of the necessity for large-scale, multicentre prospective studies.

Main Results:

  • No urine molecular markers have achieved routine clinical use despite potential.
  • Lack of standardized methods and high costs hinder clinical validation and implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of molecular biological methods is crucial for comparability.
  • Despite challenges, advancements suggest a promising future for comprehensive urine diagnostics with new analytical methods.