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Related Concept Videos

Weighted Mean00:57

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Hanging-weight System for Liver Ischemia in Mice
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Weight-based tacrolimus trough concentrations post liver transplant.

Zheng Liu1,2, Jeffrey Cheng3,4, Elizabeth Powell3,4

  • 1School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Internal Medicine Journal
|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Body size does not affect tacrolimus levels in liver transplant patients using standard dosing. Obese and non-obese patients show similar rates of drug concentrations outside the therapeutic range post-transplant.

Keywords:
body sizeliver transplantpharmacokineticstacrolimus

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Tacrolimus is a critical immunosuppressant following liver transplantation.
  • Obesity is a growing concern in liver transplant recipients, necessitating research into body size effects on drug therapy.
  • Understanding tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in relation to body weight is essential for optimizing post-transplant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if patient body weight influences tacrolimus trough plasma concentrations with standard mg/kg dosing.
  • To compare the incidence of sub-therapeutic or supra-therapeutic tacrolimus levels between obese and non-obese liver transplant patients in the early post-transplant period.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tacrolimus trough concentrations from a transplant database of 69 patients.
  • Initial tacrolimus dosing at 0.1 mg/kg/day, adjusted to target trough concentrations.
  • Evaluation of trough blood samples, phenotypic, and outcome variables.

Main Results:

  • Tacrolimus trough concentrations were comparable between obese and non-obese groups across all sampling points (P > 0.05).
  • A high percentage of patients, regardless of weight status, had concentrations outside the therapeutic range in the first week post-transplant (Obese: 85.7%, Non-obese: 79.5%).
  • The proportion of concentrations outside the therapeutic range decreased over time but remained significant at 6 months.

Conclusions:

  • Standard mg/kg dosing of tacrolimus appears to adequately account for body weight in terms of initial drug exposure post-liver transplant.
  • Obese liver transplant recipients do not experience a disproportionately higher number of tacrolimus concentrations outside the therapeutic range compared to non-obese individuals.
  • Close therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial for all liver transplant patients, irrespective of body size, particularly in the early post-transplant phase.