Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Use of the Protease Fluorescent Detection Kit to Determine Protease Activity
Published on: August 4, 2009
Evaluation of pheromone-based kit: A noninvasive approach of estrus detection in buffalo
Subramanian Muthukumar1,2, Samuthirapandi Muniasamy1,3, Mahalingam Srinivasan1
1Center for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
In view of the silent nature of estrus in buffalo, a noninvasive assay kit has long been felt necessary for easy and effective estrus detection. This study was designed to detect estrus in buffalo using a kit formulated in our laboratory based on pheromone compound. Group I: Urine samples collected at estrus phase and group II: randomly collected urine samples were subjected to the test using the kit. No colour developed (i.e., positive reaction) in estrus urine after adding the kit solution. By contrast, pale and/or dark pink colour developed (i.e., negative reaction) in urine from the proestrus and diestrus buffaloes, respectively. Field evaluation of the kit in groups I and II revealed that 60.87% and 71.43% of urine samples were correctly identified as estrus and nonestrus (i.e., proestrus and diestrus), respectively. Therefore, the first of its kind estrus detection kit formulated based on urinary pheromone can as well be used as a simple device to detect estrus in buffalo.
Related Concept Videos
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
Actuarial Approach
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Information Processing Approach
The Nativist Approach

