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Related Concept Videos

Flat Belts: Problem Solving01:28

Flat Belts: Problem Solving

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Flat belts are crucial in many industrial applications as they help transmit power from one pulley to another. The concept of forces and moments is used to determine the maximum moment on a pulley. For instance, consider a flat belt that wraps around two pulleys, A and B, with radii of 30 cm and 10 cm, respectively. The angle between the belt and the horizontal is 20 degrees at the pulleys. As pulley B rotates clockwise and drives pulley A, tension T2 is caused at one end of the belt, while...
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Flat belts are commonly used in various industrial applications for transmitting power from one pulley to another. When a flat belt is wrapped around a set of pulleys, it experiences different tensions at the driving pulley ends due to the friction between the belt and pulley surface. When the pulley moves in a counterclockwise direction, the tension T2 on the opposite side of the pulley where the belt is moving away from is higher than the tension T1 on the side where the belt is moving...
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
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When a body is submerged in water, it experiences fluid pressure acting normal on its surface and distributed over its area. For better design structures, it is crucial to determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force acting on the surface. In the case of a rectangular plate of constant width submerged in water, the pressure increases with depth, resulting in a linearly varying trapezoidal pressure distribution from the upper to the lower edge of the plate.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance
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Flat and microstructured polymeric membranes in organs-on-chips.

Thijs Pasman1, Dirk Grijpma2,3, Dimitrios Stamatialis2

  • 1Biomaterials Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente Faculteit Technische Natuurwetenschappen, Enschede, The Netherlands t.pasman@utwente.nl.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|July 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Innovative porous membranes are improving organs-on-chips (OOCs) by mimicking tissue structure and properties. This review covers advancements in OOC membrane fabrication for enhanced cell culture and physiological relevance.

Keywords:
biomaterialsmembranesmicrofabricationorgans-on-chipspolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Organs-on-chips (OOCs) offer more realistic in vitro cell culture models.
  • Current OOCs utilize porous polymeric membranes as cell culture substrates.
  • Existing membranes often have suboptimal material, morphology, and shape, limiting cell functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for advanced porous membranes.
  • To discuss the application of these innovative membranes in OOC development.
  • To highlight improvements in porosity, shape, and surface morphology for OOCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on fabrication techniques for OOC membranes.
  • Analysis of membrane properties including porosity, shape, surface morphology, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility.
  • Discussion of how these membranes enhance OOC functionality.

Main Results:

  • Innovative techniques enable fabrication of porous membranes with tailored porosity, shape, and surface morphology.
  • Advanced membranes can better match tissue characteristics and improve cell-cell interactions and differentiation.
  • New materials offer improved mechanical properties and cytocompatibility for OOC applications.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced porous membranes are crucial for developing more physiologically relevant OOCs.
  • Tailored membrane design significantly enhances cell functionality and descriptive power of OOC models.
  • Continued innovation in membrane fabrication will drive progress in organs-on-chips technology.