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Multilayer stag beetle elytra perform better under external loading via non-symmetric bending properties
Lakshminath Kundanati1, Stefano Signetti1, Himadri S Gupta2
1Laboratory of Bio-inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.
Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|July 27, 2018
Summary
Beetle elytra, natural composite materials, exhibit superior bending properties when loaded naturally. This adaptation is due to their graded, multilayered structure, inspiring bio-inspired composite designs.
Area of Science:
- Biomimetics and Materials Science
- Insect Morphology and Biomechanics
Background:
- Insect cuticle is a multifunctional material inspiring engineering designs.
- Beetle elytra, with their layered structure, are extensively studied for mechanical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the bending properties of beetle elytra under natural loading conditions.
- Analyze the contribution of individual layers to the overall mechanical behavior.
- Understand adaptations for load-bearing in insect habitats.
Main Methods:
- Simulated natural loading conditions for elytra bending tests.
- Examined constitutive bulk layers of the elytra.
- Supported experimental findings with analytical calculations and finite element method (FEM) modeling.
Main Results:
- Elytra demonstrate graded, multilayered composite structures.
- Superior flexural modulus and strength observed in the natural loading direction.
- External exocuticle and bottom layer enhance flexural properties.
Conclusions:
- Elytra performance is optimized for natural loading, likely an adaptation to habitat stresses.
- Findings advance knowledge of natural composite mechanics.
- Informs the development of bio-inspired multifunctional composites and armor.
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