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Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Young Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive deficits are a primary indicator of psychosis risk.
  • Longitudinal changes in cognitive architecture correlate with social and occupational functioning in at-risk youth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze longitudinal cognitive profiles in individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis compared to healthy controls.
  • To determine the association between cognitive function and social/occupational functioning in UHR individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-month prospective study involving 173 UHR individuals and 384 healthy controls (ages 14-29).
  • Cognitive assessments (neuropsychological, perceptual, social cognition) and clinical interviews conducted every 6 months.
  • Longitudinal analysis of cognitive domain scores and functioning, monitoring UHR status changes.

Main Results:

  • Baseline cognitive deficits predicted later psychosis conversion (OR=1.66) and UHR non-remission (OR=1.67).
  • Significant longitudinal changes were observed in general cognitive function and perception.
  • Changes in attention and general cognitive function explained longitudinal changes in social and occupational functioning.

Conclusions:

  • UHR individuals exhibit cognitive deficits, with cognitive recovery linked to remission of UHR status.
  • Poor cognition in non-remitters correlates with adverse functional outcomes.
  • Cognitive dimensions are crucial for identifying at-risk youth and tracking their longitudinal course.