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Autoimmunity in plants.

Joydeep Chakraborty¹, Prithwi Ghosh^1,2, Sampa Das³

¹Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12, CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.

|July 27, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant autoimmunity, triggered by altered immune receptor activity, causes growth defects and lesions. Understanding these autoimmune responses offers potential applications for enhancing plant defense mechanisms against pathogens.

Keywords:

Dwarfism Effector-triggered immunity Innate immunity Lesions mimic mutants NLR proteins

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Area of Science:

Plant immunity
Molecular biology
Genetics

Background:

Plants possess innate immune receptors, primarily nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, to detect pathogen effectors.
NLRs trigger defense signaling, including hypersensitive response (programmed cell death), upon recognizing pathogen molecules.
Some NLRs act as 'guards' for host proteins, detecting pathogen modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the cellular and molecular basis of plant autoimmune responses.
To explore the potential applications of plant autoimmunity in defense.
To summarize recent findings on the triggers and consequences of plant autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on plant immunity and autoimmunity.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying NLR activation and immune signaling.
Examination of phenotypic consequences in autoimmune mutants.

Main Results:

Dysregulation of negative regulators or hyperactivity of immune receptors leads to autoimmunity.
Loss of 'guardee' proteins can mimic pathogen presence, inappropriately activating NLRs.
Autoimmune mutants exhibit dwarfism and spontaneous lesion formation.

Conclusions:

Autoimmunity in plants results from ectopic activation of defense pathways.
Understanding autoimmunity provides insights into plant immune system regulation.
Autoimmune responses have potential applications for improving plant disease resistance.