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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Current advances for bone regeneration based on tissue engineering strategies.

Rui Shi1, Yuelong Huang2, Chi Ma1

  • 1Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China.

Frontiers of Medicine
|July 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) advances bone regeneration by combining scaffolds, cells, and growth factors. This review explores innovative biomimetic scaffolds to overcome limitations for clinical bone repair.

Keywords:
bone regenerationbone scaffoldbone tissue engineeringgrowth factorstem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to repair critical-sized bone defects, addressing limitations in bone augmentation and skeletal repair.
  • Current BTE strategies require optimized scaffolds, seed cells, and biological factors for effective bone regeneration.
  • Clinical translation of BTE is hindered by challenges like insufficient osteogenic differentiation, poor scaffold vascularization, and inefficient growth factor delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review novel biomimetic and bifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current BTE advancements, including cell sources, growth factors, and vascular development.
  • To identify challenges and future perspectives for enhancing clinical bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • Analysis of biomimetic and bifunctional scaffold designs.
  • Discussion of cell biology, growth factor delivery, and vascularization strategies in BTE.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of new types of biomimetic and bifunctional scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration.
  • Detailed description of seed cell sources, their biology, and relevant molecular interactions.
  • Exploration of growth factor delivery systems and vascular development within scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative scaffolds are crucial for overcoming current BTE limitations.
  • Further research into standardized protocols and novel measures is needed for clinical application.
  • Addressing challenges in osteogenic differentiation, vascularization, and growth factor delivery will propel future clinical success in bone regeneration.