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Updated: Feb 7, 2026
05:54
Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
Published on: October 18, 2018
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Survival analyses reveal how early phonological processing affects eye movements during reading
1Department of Psychology.
Summary
Skilled readers rapidly create phonological codes during silent reading, influencing word identification. This rapid phonological coding occurs within 160-173 milliseconds of initial word fixation.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psycholinguistics
- Reading Science
Background:
- Phonological codes are generated during reading, but the timing remains debated.
- The early generation of phonological codes is crucial for understanding their role in skilled reading and word identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the time course of phonological code generation during silent reading.
- To determine if phonological codes influence word identification in skilled readers.
Main Methods:
- Survival analyses of first-fixation durations were used.
- Experiments involved phonologically related (homophones, pseudohomophones) and orthographic control stimuli.
- Stimuli were embedded in sentences or presented as parafoveal previews (boundary paradigm).
Main Results:
- A processing difference between phonological and orthographic stimuli emerged by 160-173 ms.
- Earlier divergence points correlated with shorter gaze durations and faster word identification.
- Most first fixation durations exceeded the estimated divergence time.
Conclusions:
- Skilled readers rapidly generate phonological codes during silent reading.
- These rapidly generated phonological codes likely affect the identification of most words.
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