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Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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A 1,2,3-triazolate lithium salt with ionic liquid properties at room temperature.

D Flachard1, J Rolland2, M M Obadia3

  • 1Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France. eric.drockenmuller@univ-lyon1.fr and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes (Grenoble INP), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France. renaud.bouchet@lepmi.grenoble-inp.fr.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 27, 2018
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Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel triethylene glycol-based lithium salt with ionic liquid properties. This new molecular lithium salt offers potential for advanced functional materials in energy storage applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Ionic liquids offer unique properties for electrochemical applications.
  • Development of novel lithium salts is crucial for advanced battery technologies.
  • Triethylene glycol (TEG) derivatives can impart desirable characteristics to electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel triethylene glycol-based 1,2,3-triazolate lithium salt.
  • To investigate its ionic liquid properties at room temperature.
  • To explore its potential as a functional molecular lithium salt.

Main Methods:

  • Three-step synthesis involving copper-catalyzed cycloaddition, deprotection, and lithiation.
  • Characterization using NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, BDS, EIS, and CV.
  • Evaluation of ionic liquid properties and electrochemical behavior.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a room-temperature ionic liquid based on a lithium 1,2,3-triazolate.
  • Comprehensive characterization confirming the salt's structure and properties.
  • Demonstration of potential for use in advanced lithium-based electrochemical systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synthetic route provides a versatile method for creating functional molecular lithium salts.
  • The synthesized lithium triazolate exhibits promising ionic liquid characteristics.
  • This work opens avenues for designing next-generation electrolytes for energy storage devices.