Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to z Scores

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...

Introduction to z Scores

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...

z Scores and Unusual Values

z Scores and Unusual Values

The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Central Tendency

The "center" of a data set is also a way of describing location. The two most widely used measures of the "center" of the data are the mean (average) and the median. The words "mean" and "average" are often used interchangeably. The substitution of one word for the other is common practice. The technical term is "arithmetic mean" and "average" is technically a center location. However, in practice among non-statisticians,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

WABIP/AABIP statement on therapeutic indications of medical thoracoscopy for benign pleural disease.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2026

Same author

Clinical and translational roles of circulating tumor cells in non-small cell and small cell lung cancer: a narrative review.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026

Same author

Integrating Machine Learning and Dynamic Bayesian Networks to Identify the Factors Associated with Subsequent Intrapulmonary Metastasis Classification After Initial Single Primary Lung Cancer.

Cancers·2026

Same author

The global cancer crisis: a review of growing burden, deepening inequality and initiatives for prevention and early detection.

Ecancermedicalscience·2026

Same author

Clinicopathological characteristics associated with intrapulmonary metastasis rather than single primary lung cancer at first diagnosis: a study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database using Bayesian networks and structural equation modeling.

Translational lung cancer research·2026

Same author

Five-year outcomes of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and programmed cell death ligand 1 tumor proportion score ≥1%: KEYNOTE-042 China study.

International journal of cancer·2025

Same journal

Residual AHI Measurement from PAP Devices Versus Home Polygraphy: A Method Comparison Study Using Real World Data.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Same journal

Unveiling Sex Differences in Severe Acute COPD Exacerbations requiring ICU admission: Evidence from a French Cohort.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Same journal

Intrapleural Fibrinolytics use in Children with Pleural Empyema: Safe and Effective.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Same journal

Learning Curve for Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis: A Multicenter Experience.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Same journal

Follow-Up Care After Adult Lung Transplantation: Summary of an Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for German-Speaking Countries.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Same journal

Real-world Sotatercept Eligibility: Analysis from the FOCUS-PAH Registry.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

Published on: June 12, 2009

Is the LENT Score Already Outdated?

Ales Rozman¹, Tony S K Mok²

¹Department of Interventional Pulmonology, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia.

Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases

|July 27, 2018

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

Published on: May 21, 2010

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

Published on: June 12, 2009

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

A Simple Composite Phenotype Scoring System for Evaluating Mouse Models of Cerebellar Ataxia

Published on: May 21, 2010

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024