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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Most Versatile Source for Stem Cell Therapy.

Marcie A Glicksman1

  • 1Orig3n, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts.

Clinical Therapeutics
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PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells offer a renewable source for cell therapies, addressing the limited availability of donated organs and tissues. These cells are crucial for regenerative medicine and treating various diseases.

Keywords:
cell therapyinduced pluripotent stem cellsregenerative medicinestem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell therapy origins trace back to bone marrow transplants in the 1950s.
  • Human leukocyte antigen matching became critical for transplants by 1968.
  • Early transplants were limited to identical twins, expanding to related and unrelated donors by the 1970s.

Observation:

  • Donated organs and tissues are currently the primary source for replacing diseased or damaged tissues.
  • The availability of transplantable tissues and organs is significantly limited.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into specific cell types.

Findings:

  • iPSCs represent a renewable and scalable source for generating replacement cells and tissues.
  • A bank of human leukocyte antigen-matched iPSC-derived cells ensures immediate availability.
  • These cells are economical and well-characterized for therapeutic use.

Implications:

  • Stem cell therapy holds promise for treating macular degeneration, spinal cord injury, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • iPSCs are a key starting material for regenerative medicine applications.
  • Overcoming hurdles in iPSC use will advance cell-based therapeutic strategies.