Function and regulation of mitofusin 2 in cardiovascular physiology and pathology

Mitochondrial dynamics with constant fusion and fission plays vital roles in regulating cellular biological processes. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is dynamin-related protein whose activity promotes mitochondrial fusion and maintains the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics. Advanced studies have demonstrated that Mfn2 is a multifunctional protein with signaling roles beyond fusion. Mfn2 is actively involved in various biological processes under both physical and pathological conditions, including mitochondrial transport and the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, as well as cell metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy. This review summarises the structural and functional properties of Mfn2, with focus on recent advances in its regulatory role in cardiovascular system.