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Edward B James1, Honglin Feng1, Alex C C Wilson2

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G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Symbiosis Research
  • Insect Physiology

Background:

  • Obligate nutritional endosymbioses represent intimate host-bacterial associations.
  • Understanding host-endosymbiont integration is crucial for insect biology.
  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates nutrition with cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To annotate and characterize the mTOR pathway in aphids.
  • To investigate the role of mTOR in integrating aphid hosts with their bacterial endosymbionts, Buchnera aphidicola.
  • To explore the functional significance of mTOR signaling in aphid-bacterial symbiosis.

Main Methods:

  • BLASTp searches and Hidden Markov Models for mTOR gene annotation in two aphid species.
  • RNA sequencing to construct reference transcriptomes for bacteriocyte, gut, and whole insect tissues.
  • Differential gene expression analysis to compare mTOR pathway activity in different tissues.

Main Results:

  • All known invertebrate mTOR pathway genes were identified in aphids, with some duplications.
  • Genes of the amino acid-sensitive mTOR Complex 1 showed higher expression in bacteriocytes compared to mTOR Complex 2.
  • Key amino acid-sensing mTOR genes were upregulated in bacteriocytes, with a specific transporter (SLC38A9 ortholog) showing significantly higher expression.

Conclusions:

  • The mTOR pathway is likely functionally significant in mediating the integration of Buchnera aphidicola within aphid hosts.
  • Differential expression of mTOR pathway components suggests a role in nutrient sensing and resource allocation within bacteriocytes.
  • This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying aphid nutritional endosymbiosis.