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Related Concept Videos

Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Basic Concept01:28

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Engineering mechanics is a branch of engineering that studies motion and the forces acting on objects. It is a fundamental subject and forms the basis of many other engineering disciplines. Length, time, mass, and force are some basic concepts in engineering mechanics.
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Concept of Pressure at a Point01:15

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The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
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Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

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The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
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A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

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Current concepts in multiple sclerosis therapy.

Leslie Sedal1, Antony Winkel1, Joshua Laing1

  • 1Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, drlsedal@gmail.com.

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease
|July 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis therapies have rapidly expanded, offering more complex choices for patients. This review details current and future treatments, focusing on Australian accessibility and symptom management.

Keywords:
DMDsNEDAPMLdemyelinationdisease modifying drugsno evidence of disease activityprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment landscape has evolved significantly over the last two decades.
  • Numerous therapies are currently subsidized by the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).
  • Upcoming approvals are expected to further increase treatment complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current multiple sclerosis therapies.
  • To anticipate future therapeutic directions and advancements.
  • To focus on contemporary symptom management strategies for MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major clinical trials for existing and emerging MS therapies.
  • Summary of side effect profiles and clinical utility of each agent.
  • Emphasis on the Australian experience and accessibility of treatments.

Main Results:

  • Exponential growth in available MS therapies over 20 years.
  • Increasing complexity in treatment selection due to numerous options.
  • Focus on integrating symptom management alongside disease-modifying therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The current state of multiple sclerosis therapy is dynamic and rapidly evolving.
  • An updated reference is crucial for healthcare providers navigating complex treatment choices.
  • Future directions emphasize personalized treatment and comprehensive symptom control.