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Tissue Homogenization and Cell Lysis01:32

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Tissue homogenization involves disintegrating tissue architecture and lysing cells, and is an early step in isolating and analyzing cellular components. The method used for homogenization depends on the sample type, the amount of sample available, the analyte to be obtained, and the sensitivity of the method. These methods are broadly classified as mechanical and non-mechanical methods.
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The goodness–of–fit test can be used to decide whether a population fits a given distribution, but it will not suffice to decide whether two populations follow the same unknown distribution. A different test, called the test for homogeneity, can be used to conclude whether two populations have the same distribution. To calculate the test statistic for a test for homogeneity, follow the same procedure as with the test of independence. The hypotheses for the test for homogeneity can...
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Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern to perform specific functions. From an evolutionary perspective, tissues appear in more complex organisms. Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four broad categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these categories is...
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Non-Enzymatic Tissue Homogenization for Biodistribution Analysis.

Danielle M DiPerna1, Alesia V Prakapenka1,2, Eugene P Chung1

  • 1Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a non-enzymatic method for homogenizing diverse organs to track fluorescent probes. This technique helps evaluate nanocarrier payload delivery and organ targeting in preclinical research.

Keywords:
BiodistributionDrug deliveryMechanical homogenizationNanoparticlesSmall molecule fluorophoresTissue homogenization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Biodistribution studies are crucial for assessing nanocarrier payload delivery in preclinical research.
  • Fluorescent probes serve as surrogates for drugs, enabling indirect measurement of tissue exposure.
  • Evaluating nanocarrier targeting efficacy requires reliable methods to track delivery to specific organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a protocol for non-enzymatic tissue homogenization applicable to various organ types.
  • To enable the tracking of small molecule fluorophores, whether administered freely or encapsulated within nanoparticles.
  • To facilitate the assessment of nanocarrier biodistribution and organ-specific delivery in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • A non-enzymatic tissue homogenization protocol was established.
  • The protocol was validated for its applicability across a range of organ tissues.
  • Methodology allows for the detection of small molecule fluorophores in homogenized tissue samples.

Main Results:

  • The protocol successfully homogenizes diverse organ types without enzymatic degradation.
  • It enables accurate tracking of fluorescent probes, indicating payload delivery.
  • The method provides a reliable means to assess tissue exposure to nanocarriers and their contents.

Conclusions:

  • This non-enzymatic homogenization protocol is effective for biodistribution studies.
  • It offers a valuable tool for evaluating nanocarrier targeting and payload delivery in preclinical settings.
  • The method supports the optimization of nanomedicine development through precise tracking of delivery.