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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

1.1K
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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[Study on Self-Absorption Properties in Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy from Copper Sample].

Song-ning Xu, When-zhao Duan, Ri-bo Ning

    Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
    |July 28, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Self-absorption in copper plasmas generated by a Nd∶YAG laser decreases with observation time but increases with laser energy. Spectral lines with high angular momentum show greater sensitivity to laser energy changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
    • Atomic spectroscopy
    • Plasma physics

    Background:

    • Laser-induced plasmas (LIPs) are crucial for elemental analysis.
    • Self-absorption is a significant phenomenon in LIPs that can affect quantitative analysis.
    • Understanding self-absorption is key to improving LIBS accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the self-absorption properties of Cu(I) atomic lines in laser-induced copper plasmas.
    • To analyze the influence of observation time and laser energy on self-absorption.
    • To correlate self-absorption characteristics with atomic energy levels and angular momentum.

    Main Methods:

    • Generation of copper plasmas using a 532 nm Nd∶YAG laser.
    • Spectroscopic analysis utilizing a grating spectrograph and intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD).
    • Systematic variation of observation time (211–300 μs) and laser energy (30–100 mJ).

    Main Results:

    • Self-absorption extent decreases with increasing observation time, disappearing between 5–20 μs.
    • Higher laser energy (50–100 mJ) leads to increased self-absorption extent and duration.
    • Spectral lines with high angular momentum exhibit greater sensitivity to laser energy variations.
    • The 510.554 nm line shows low self-absorption below 80 mJ, with increased extent and duration above this threshold.

    Conclusions:

    • Observation time and laser energy are critical parameters influencing self-absorption in copper plasmas.
    • Atomic energy level transitions and angular momentum dictate the self-absorption behavior.
    • Results provide insights for optimizing LIBS parameters for accurate copper analysis.