Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

411
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
411
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

433
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
433
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

602
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
602
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

12.9K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
12.9K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.8K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.8K
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

8.1K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dietary habits and olfactory function in individuals with Parkinson's disease: an underexplored association.

Nutritional neuroscience·2026
Same author

Effects of prolonged fixation on vascular biomarkers in postmortem human brains.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same author

Towards Mechanism-Informed Treatments for Mental Health.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

Case report of Parkinson's disease in isolated congenital anosmia with absent olfactory bulbs.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Olfactory decline in aging: longitudinal trajectories and associations with cognitive decline and postmortem neuropathology.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Neuropathological correlates of age and sex differences in 18F-flortaucipir PET.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury
04:39

Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury

Published on: February 9, 2024

3.4K

Olfactory and Trigeminal Systems Interact in the Periphery.

Cécilia Tremblay1, Johannes Frasnelli1,2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.

Chemical Senses
|July 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The olfactory and trigeminal systems interact, with olfactory stimulation enhancing trigeminal nerve sensitivity. This suggests a connection at the nasal mucosal level.

More Related Videos

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

5.1K
Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

19.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury
04:39

Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury

Published on: February 9, 2024

3.4K
Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

5.1K
Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

19.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Systems Biology

Background:

  • The olfactory and trigeminal systems are closely linked, as many odorants activate both.
  • Their interactions involve mutual suppression and enhancement, but the precise location and extent are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between the olfactory and trigeminal systems.
  • To determine how olfactory co-stimulation affects the trigeminal system's localization ability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an odor localization task to assess trigeminal nerve sensitivity.
  • Evaluated the impact of ipsilateral and contralateral olfactory co-stimulation with specific odorants (phenyl ethanol, vanillin) on localizing predominantly trigeminal stimuli (mustard oil, eucalyptol).

Main Results:

  • Ipsilateral olfactory co-stimulation significantly improved the ability to localize trigeminal stimuli.
  • Contralateral olfactory co-stimulation did not show a similar effect.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate a peripheral interaction between the olfactory and trigeminal systems, likely occurring at the mucosal level.
  • This interaction enhances trigeminal sensory perception when stimulated by the same nostril.