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Radiolabelled leucocytes in human pulmonary disease
Neda Farahi1, Chrystalla Loutsios1, Nicola Tregay1
1Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
British Medical Bulletin
|July 28, 2018
Summary
Radionuclide imaging of white blood cell (leukocyte) kinetics has advanced significantly. Current research focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for improved cell tracking and understanding inflammatory diseases.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear medicine
- Immunology
- Medical imaging
Background:
- Radionuclide studies of leukocyte kinetics have evolved from early non-gamma emitters to gamma-emitting nuclides for imaging.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) represents the next frontier in visualizing leukocyte dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical progression and current advancements in radionuclide-based leukocyte kinetic studies.
- To highlight key findings, controversies, and future research directions in the field.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and contemporary studies on leukocyte labeling and imaging.
- Discussion of various imaging techniques including gamma camera, whole-body counting, and SPECT.
- Mention of advancements in cell separation techniques like magnetic bead technology.
Main Results:
- Early studies incorrectly localized the majority of marginated granulocytes to the lungs due to artifactual findings.
- Refined techniques show most marginated granulocytes reside in the spleen and bone marrow.
- Leukocyte pulmonary transit times reveal abnormalities in inflammatory disorders, observable via imaging in conditions like pneumonia and COPD.
Conclusions:
- Leukocyte kinetic studies using radionuclides have matured, providing insights into inflammatory and respiratory diseases.
- Advancements in cell labeling, particularly with PET tracers, and the study of specific cell types like eosinophils and lymphocytes, are promising areas for future research.
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