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Related Concept Videos

Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

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Overview
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Action Potential01:31

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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Using decision methods to examine the potential impact of intersectoral action programs.

Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai1,2, Ahmed M Bayoumi3,4,5,6, Emilie Renahy7,8

  • 1Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research (CLEAR), The HUB, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. isaranuwatcw@smh.ca.

BMC Research Notes
|July 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Evaluating intersectoral action (ISA) programs requires methods that assess joint impacts. This research identifies four potential methods to guide funding and resource allocation for effective ISA initiatives.

Keywords:
Cross-sectoral researchDecision methodsEconomic evaluationIntersectoral action programsMultiple-criteria decision analysisPortfolio analysisProgramme budgeting and marginal analysisPublic health research

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Intersectoral action (ISA) programs, involving collaboration across multiple sectors, are increasingly called for in public health.
  • Assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ISA programs presents a challenge due to the need to evaluate multiple interventions simultaneously.
  • A gap exists in the literature regarding appropriate evaluation methods for complex ISA initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe methods suitable for evaluating the joint impact of multiple interventions within ISA programs.
  • To address the need for robust evaluation frameworks that can inform decision-making for ISA program selection and design.
  • To initiate a discussion on existing decision-making methods applicable to ISA program funding and resource allocation.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing literature was conducted to identify relevant evaluation methodologies.
  • Four potential methods for assessing the joint impact of multiple interventions were identified and described.
  • A hypothetical case study was developed to illustrate the application of these methods.

Main Results:

  • Four methods with potential for assessing joint intervention impacts were identified: economic evaluation, portfolio analysis, multiple-criteria decision analysis, and programme budgeting and marginal analysis.
  • These methods offer frameworks for simultaneously considering the effects of multiple interventions, crucial for ISA program evaluation.
  • The identified methods can assist decision-makers in funding and resource allocation for ISA programs.

Conclusions:

  • Existing decision-making methods can be adapted to evaluate the complex nature of intersectoral action programs.
  • Further dialogue and research are needed to refine and implement these methods for effective ISA program assessment.
  • Developing appropriate evaluation tools is essential to support evidence-based selection and design of ISA initiatives.