Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
07:34
Author Spotlight: Soybean Hairy Root Transformation for the Analysis of Gene Function
Published on: May 5, 2023
5.1K
Canopy warming accelerates development in soybean and maize, offsetting the delay in soybean reproductive development
Ursula M Ruiz-Vera1,2, Matthew H Siebers1,2, Deepak Jaiswal1
1Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Plant, Cell & Environment
|July 29, 2018
Summary
Climate change effects on crops were studied. Elevated carbon dioxide and warming accelerated soybean and maize development, with warming mitigating some negative impacts of CO2.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Plant Physiology
- Climate Change Biology
Background:
- Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and surface temperatures individually impact crop development and yield.
- The interactive effects of these climate change factors under field conditions require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the combined impacts of elevated [CO2] and canopy warming on soybean and maize development.
- To assess the predictive capabilities of thermal models under simulated climate change conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) plots with nested infrared heating arrays over three growing seasons.
- Monitored vegetative and reproductive development in soybean and maize under elevated [CO2] with and without warming.
- Analyzed changes in leaf carbohydrates, respiration, morphology, and environmental conditions.
Main Results:
- In soybean, elevated [CO2] plus warming accelerated vegetative development and increased node number; warming mitigated [CO2]-induced delays in reproductive development.
- Maize showed accelerated vegetative and reproductive development under warming, with no significant effect from elevated [CO2].
- Observed developmental changes correlated with alterations in physiological and morphological parameters.
Conclusions:
- Warming can counteract some negative developmental effects of elevated [CO2] in crops like soybean.
- A process-based thermal model (β function) effectively predicted crop development under combined climate change stressors, outperforming the growing degree day model.
Related Concept Videos
01:58Fruit Development, Structure, and Function
25.3K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.3K
01:43Sustainable Development
15.2K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
15.2K
01:27Reproductive Cloning
32.8K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
32.8K
01:15Development of the Lymphatic System
2.1K
The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
2.1K
01:22Language Development
920
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
920
01:22Development of Immunocompetence
918
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
918