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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Cultural frameworks for understanding the self are often categorized into two broad orientations: individualism and collectivism. These paradigms influence how people define themselves, relate to others, and interpret their social worlds. Each orientation offers distinct perspectives on autonomy, responsibility, and the role of the individual within a community.Individualistic CulturesIn individualistic cultures like North America and Western Europe, identity is understood as autonomous and...
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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance...
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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Engineered 3D Silk-collagen-based Model of Polarized Neural Tissue
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Modeling Tissue Polarity in Context.

Kevin M Tharp1, Valerie M Weaver2

  • 1Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|July 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue polarity, crucial for development, is maintained by cell adhesion, which is influenced by the extracellular matrix and biomechanical forces like fluid flow and stiffness. These factors modulate cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization.

Keywords:
cellular mechanicsmechanobiologymicrofluidicspolaritypolarized tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell and tissue polarity are essential for proper development and function.
  • Polarity acquisition and maintenance are context-dependent, influenced by cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, extracellular microenvironment, and biomechanical cues.
  • Biomechanical cues include fluid flow, compression, and actomyosin tension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how extracellular matrix stiffness and fluid flow impact cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization.
  • To explore the modulation of cell and tissue polarity by these biomechanical cues.
  • To describe model systems for investigating force-mediated regulation of polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell polarity and biomechanics.
  • Discussion of model systems for studying cell and tissue polarity.
  • Integration of molecular screens and high-resolution imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular matrix stiffness and fluid flow influence cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion.
  • These biomechanical cues alter cytoskeletal organization.
  • Modulation of adhesion and cytoskeleton affects cell and tissue polarity.

Conclusions:

  • Biomechanical forces, specifically extracellular matrix stiffness and fluid flow, are critical regulators of cell and tissue polarity.
  • Understanding these force-mediated mechanisms is key to comprehending development and tissue function.
  • Advanced model systems combined with molecular and imaging tools offer powerful approaches to study these processes.