Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Adenoid size by drug induced sleep endoscopy compared to nasopharyngeal mirror exam
Habib G Zalzal1, Michele Carr1, William Kohler1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Objective:
To establish how assessment of adenoid size is correlated between drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) with indirect mirror nasopharyngoscopy (IMN).
Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.
Setting:
Tertiary care academic hospital.
Methods:
Over a 6-year period, 154 pediatric patients underwent DISE for obstructive sleep apnea and had IMN. DISE videos were assessed by one reviewer, blinded to results of mirror exams. IMN findings were taken from operative notes recorded by one attending physician. Demographic data, co-morbidities, and sleep study results were also recorded.
Results:
Ninety-three (58.5%) males and 66 (41.5%) females were included. Mean age at DISE was 7.34 ± 3.99 years, with an average of 29 days after DISE until nasopharyngeal mirror examination. The mean initial adenoid size based on DISE assessment was 2.62 + 0.99, and on nasopharyngeal mirror assessment was 2.56 + 0.97. DISE and IMN assessment of adenoid size correlated well (Spearman's Rho = 0.82, P < 0.00001; Kendal tau = 0.764, P < 0.00001).
Conclusions:
DISE has proven to be an excellent tool to assess adenoid size prior to adenoidectomy in children with OSA.
Related Concept Videos
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Stages of Sleep
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Understanding Sleep
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Sleep Apnea
The condition is more prevalent among...
Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

