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Modeling hypoglossal motoneurons in the developing rat.

Paul Allen Williams1, Clarissa Dalton2, Christopher G Wilson1

  • 1Division of Physiology, Basic Science Department, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine 11234 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|July 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Developmental changes in hypoglossal motoneuron (XII MN) size impact their electrical properties. Neuron size and shape changes from postnatal day 3 to 17 alter biophysical characteristics crucial for motor control.

Keywords:
ElectrophysiologyHypoglossal neuronsModelingMorphologyNeonatal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The hypoglossal motor nucleus (XII) controls tongue movements, essential for functions like swallowing and speech.
  • Developmental changes in neuronal morphology are known to influence neuronal function, but specific biophysical alterations in XII motoneurons during development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how developmental changes in hypoglossal motoneuron (XII MN) morphology affect their biophysical properties.
  • To model the electrophysiological characteristics of XII MNs at different developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Golgi-Cox staining was used to visualize and analyze the morphology of rat XII MNs at postnatal days 3, 10, and 17.
  • 3D reconstructions of stained neurons were created to quantify morphometric parameters like volume and surface area.
  • The NEURON simulation environment was employed to model the biophysical properties of XII MNs based on their reconstructed morphology.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in both total neuronal volume and surface area were observed from P3 to P17.
  • Simulations for P3 neurons required substantial adjustments to ionic currents and membrane capacitance to match experimental data, indicating altered passive electrophysiological properties.
  • XII MN morphology demonstrated a direct correlation with passive electrophysiological properties, consistent with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental increases in XII MN size and surface area are directly linked to changes in their passive electrophysiological properties.
  • These morphological and biophysical changes are critical for the maturation of motor output controlled by the hypoglossal nucleus.