Intestinal Signaling of Proteins and Digestion-Derived Products Relevant to Satiety

Luminal nutrients stimulate enteroendocrine cells through the activation of specific receptors to release hormones that inhibit appetite and promote glucose homeostasis. While food protein is the macronutrient with the highest effect on satiety, the signaling on the protein digestion products at the gut is poorly understood. This perspective aims to highlight the existing gaps in the study of protein digestion products as signaling molecules in gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells. Because dietary protein digestion can be modulated by the technological processes applied to food, it is possible to target gut receptors to control food intake by formulating specific food ingredients or protein preloads.