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Mindful exercise versus non-mindful exercise for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
Jing Li1, Jing Shen1, Guangyao Wu1
1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Objective:
To investigate whether the mindful exercise was more beneficial than non-mindful exercise for people with schizophrenia.
Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched from their onset to April 2017. Randomized controlled trials of schizophrenia were selected. Mindful exercises were yoga, tai chi or qigong. Non-mindful exercises included any type of purely physical exercise. Risk of bias was assessed using criteria in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
Results:
Seven studies were identified. There were significant differences in favour of mindful exercise in psychiatric symptoms (total PANSS, 2 RCT, n = 101, MD -8.94, low-quality evidence) and "working memory" (1 RCT, n = 194, MD 0.39, low-quality). For outcomes of "attention" and social functioning, there was no clear difference. Four studies reported no adverse events.
Conclusions:
Mindful exercise was more beneficial over non-mindful exercise on some outcomes of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance for schizophrenia.
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