Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

1.6K
Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
1.6K
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates01:20

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates

1.1K
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A...
1.1K
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

913
Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
913
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

606
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
606
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

50.3K
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
50.3K
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

32.8K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
32.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Motor Neuromuscular Axis: The Overlooked Element of Developmental Programming in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Temporal trends in mitral edge-to-edge repair for primary mitral regurgitation.

EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

A burning mystery: one artery to rule them all?

Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation·2026
Same author

Transeptal Mitral Annuloplasty With the AMEND System: 6-Month Results of First in Man Cohort.

Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions·2026
Same author

Dietary Exposure to Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in the Portuguese Population: A Total Diet Study Approach.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Association of high-risk CT coronary artery plaque features with major adverse cardiovascular events: a prespecified secondary analysis of the DISCHARGE trial.

European radiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
16:40

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

26.8K

MitraClip implantation under sedation.

Inês Delgado1, Ana Fonte Boa1, Ana Filipa Carvalho1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia
|July 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The MitraClip procedure offers a less invasive option for severe mitral regurgitation in high-risk patients. This case study explores its successful application under deep sedation, improving patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Anestesia geralEcocardiografia transesofágicaGeneral anesthesiaImplantação percutânea de MitraClipInsuficiência mitralKetaminaKetamineMitral regurgitationPercutaneous MitraClip implantationPropofolSedationSedaçãoTransesophageal echocardiography

More Related Videos

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation
06:23

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation

Published on: April 18, 2012

20.3K
An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
07:28

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
16:40

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

26.8K
The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation
06:23

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation

Published on: April 18, 2012

20.3K
An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
07:28

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) poses significant risks for patients unsuitable for traditional surgery.
  • The MitraClip system provides a percutaneous, edge-to-edge leaflet repair alternative.
  • General anesthesia is standard, but deep sedation is explored for specific patient profiles.

Observation:

  • MitraClip implantation guided by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy.
  • A case of MitraClip implantation performed under deep sedation using ketamine and propofol infusion is detailed.
  • This approach was used in a patient with comorbidities precluding surgical repair.

Findings:

  • MitraClip implantation effectively reduces mitral regurgitation, improving quality of life and functional capacity.
  • The procedure avoids sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass, leading to shorter recovery times.
  • Deep sedation with ketamine and propofol is a viable alternative to general anesthesia for MitraClip procedures.

Implications:

  • Deep sedation may expand MitraClip candidacy to a broader range of high-risk patients.
  • This approach can potentially reduce procedure-related risks and costs.
  • Further research into sedation techniques for transcatheter valve interventions is warranted.