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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Diagnosis01:22

Nursing Diagnosis

4.1K
Following assessment, a nursing diagnosis is the next step in the nursing process. It begins after the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data. The purpose of diagnosing is to identify how the client responds to actual or potential health processes, identify factors that bestow or that cause health problems, the etiologies, and identify resources or strengths the individual, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...
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Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: diagnosis.

Sachin S Saboo1, Murthy Chamarthy1, Sanjeev Bhalla1

  • 1Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy
|July 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular abnormalities causing right-to-left shunts. Diagnosis relies on CT, with endovascular occlusion as the primary treatment, requiring long-term follow-up.

Keywords:
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs)computed tomography (CT)diagnosisechocardiographyhereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)pulmonary catheter angiogram

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare, abnormal vascular connections between pulmonary arteries and veins.
  • They bypass the pulmonary capillary bed, causing intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts and potential complications like hypoxemia and stroke.
  • PAVMs are often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) but can also arise from secondary conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs).
  • To discuss the spectrum of PAVMs, their complications, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up after treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on PAVMs.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging techniques, including transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) and computed tomography (CT).
  • Description of endovascular occlusion as the primary treatment modality.

Main Results:

  • PAVMs range from microscopic lesions to large aneurysmal connections.
  • Complications include stroke, brain abscess, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, and hemothorax.
  • CT is the gold standard for diagnosis, and endovascular occlusion is the preferred treatment.

Conclusions:

  • PAVMs are significant vascular anomalies requiring accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.
  • Endovascular occlusion is effective but necessitates ongoing monitoring for recurrence or enlargement.
  • Long-term clinical and imaging follow-up is crucial to manage PAVMs effectively.