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Related Concept Videos

Molar Mass01:54

Molar Mass

86.9K
The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
86.9K
Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass, Density, and Volume03:43

Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass, Density, and Volume

63.5K
The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is its molar volume. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT,  suggests that the volume of a given quantity of gas and the number of moles in a given volume of gas vary with changes in pressure and temperature. At standard temperature and pressure, or STP (273.15 K and 1 atm), one mole of an ideal gas (regardless of its identity) has a volume of about 22.4 L — this is referred to as the standard molar volume.
63.5K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

134.7K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
134.7K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.8K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.8K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.2K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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[Molar incisor hypomineralization]

Joëlle A. Dulla1, Markus Schaffner1, Adrian Lussi1

  • 1Klinik für Zahnerhaltung, Präventiv- und Kinderzahnmedizin, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken der Universität Bern

Swiss Dental Journal
|July 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect affecting permanent molars and sometimes incisors. Its exact cause remains unknown, impacting 10-19% of children.

Keywords:
Molaren-Inzisiven-HypomineralisationSchmelzbildungsstörungOdontogenese

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Background:

  • Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect.
  • It results from impaired ameloblast function during enamel development.
  • MIH affects the first permanent molars and potentially the first permanent incisors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).
  • To describe the clinical presentation and prevalence of MIH.
  • To highlight the unknown etiology of this developmental enamel disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on developmental enamel disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics of MIH.
  • Epidemiological data compilation for MIH prevalence.

Main Results:

  • MIH is characterized by defective calcium and phosphate deposition in enamel.
  • The prevalence of MIH ranges from 10% to 19%.
  • Etiology of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization is currently unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Molar Incisor Hypomineralization is a significant developmental defect.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the causes of MIH.
  • Understanding MIH is crucial for pediatric dental care.