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Challenges in the development and growth of small for gestational age newborns

Lorenzo Iughetti1, Laura Lucaccioni2, Fabrizio Ferrari2

  • 1a Post-graduate School of Paediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|July 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Babies born small for gestational age (SGA) may experience growth and developmental issues. Early identification and multidisciplinary care are crucial for managing these newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW), defined as <2.500g, affects 14% globally and is a significant public health concern.
  • LBW can stem from preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or both.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns have inadequate weight/length for their gestational age, often due to IUGR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of newborns identified as small for gestational age (SGA).
  • To outline the potential mid-term consequences for SGA infants.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary follow-up and care for SGA newborns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on low birth weight and small for gestational age infants.
  • Description of growth, hormonal, and developmental peculiarities in SGA newborns.
  • Expert commentary on clinical management and follow-up strategies.

Main Results:

  • SGA infants may exhibit specific growth, hormonal, and developmental challenges linked to intrauterine growth restriction.
  • These challenges can persist into the mid-term, requiring ongoing monitoring.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is recommended for optimal care.

Conclusions:

  • Being born small for gestational age presents unique health considerations.
  • Early identification and tailored, multidisciplinary care are essential for improving outcomes in SGA infants.
  • Continued research and clinical attention are needed for this vulnerable population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birth lengthbirth weightdevelopmentintra uterine growth restrictionpretermsmall for gestational age

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