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    This study introduces a new 3D sketching interface that uses existing 3D models to guide drawing on 3D planes. It enables intuitive design exploration and rapid creation of product variations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Graphics
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Design Technology

    Background:

    • Evolutionary design relies on modifying existing 3D models for new concepts.
    • Sketching on 3D surfaces is challenging, especially for non-planar or inaccessible regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel 3D model-guided interface for intuitive in-situ sketching on 3D planes.
    • To facilitate conceptual re-design and design exploration of existing 3D objects.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel workflow exploiting underlying 3D model geometry to infer projection planes for 2D strokes.
    • Implementation of model-aware canvas manipulation and explicit plane selection tools.

    Main Results:

    • The system enables meaningful projection of 2D strokes onto inferred 3D planes, even for complex or non-existent surfaces.
    • User study demonstrated ease of learning and effectiveness for rapid sketching of design variations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed 3D sketching interface offers a fluid, modeless experience for design exploration.
    • This technique significantly enhances the efficiency of sketching product design variations around existing 3D models.