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Tatjana Terzic1, Anne M Mills, Sarah Zadeh

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GATA3 protein expression is detected in a subset of endometrial and ovarian cancers. Endocervical adenocarcinomas are typically negative for GATA3, aiding differential diagnosis, while cervical squamous cell carcinomas show higher expression rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Pathology
  • Cancer Biomarkers
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a key marker for breast and urothelial differentiation.
  • In gynecologic pathology, GATA3 identifies mesonephric and trophoblastic tumors but is also found in common gynecologic malignancies.
  • Limited data exists on GATA3 distribution across various gynecologic cancer subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate GATA3 expression rates in common gynecologic malignancies.
  • To assess GATA3 distribution across different histologic subtypes of ovarian, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas.
  • To determine the utility of GATA3 in differentiating gynecologic tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to assess GATA3 positivity.
  • 100 ovarian carcinomas, 64 endometrial carcinomas/atypical hyperplasias, 16 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 14 endocervical adenocarcinomas were analyzed.
  • Tumor samples were evaluated for GATA3 staining intensity and percentage of positive cells.

Main Results:

  • GATA3 was expressed in 8% of endometrial carcinomas (including serous, carcinosarcoma, atypical hyperplasia) and 6% of ovarian carcinomas (including clear cell, mucinous, high-grade serous).
  • 38% of cervical SCCs showed weak to moderate GATA3 staining, whereas all endocervical adenocarcinomas were negative.
  • Focal GATA3 expression was observed in a subset of endometrial and ovarian cancers.

Conclusions:

  • GATA3 shows focal expression in some endometrial and ovarian carcinomas.
  • Negative GATA3 staining is characteristic of usual-type endocervical adenocarcinomas, aiding differentiation from mesonephric lesions.
  • Higher GATA3 expression in cervical SCCs necessitates caution when interpreting this marker in lower genitourinary tract carcinomas.