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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses
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Recent developments in cell-SELEX technology for aptamer selection.

Harleen Kaur1

  • 1AstraZeneca, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects
|July 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-SELEX is an in vitro method for aptamer selection using live cells. This review details cell-SELEX methods, aptamers identified, and its advantages for developing aptamer therapeutics and diagnostics.

Keywords:
AptamerBiomarkerCell-SELEXDiagnosticsNative conformationTherapeutic

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) is a method for aptamer selection.
  • Cell-SELEX is an in vitro aptamer selection method utilizing live cells as targets.
  • This technique allows aptamer identification against targets in their native conformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of aptamer development using cell-SELEX.
  • To list aptamers identified through cell-SELEX.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of cell-SELEX and its variants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell-SELEX methods.
  • Compilation of aptamers identified via cell-SELEX.
  • Analysis of the cell-SELEX process, including its strengths and weaknesses.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of various cell-SELEX methodologies.
  • A comprehensive list of aptamers developed using cell-SELEX.
  • Identification of key benefits and drawbacks associated with cell-SELEX.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-SELEX facilitates aptamer discovery for targets in native states, accelerating clinical applications.
  • Aptamers selected via cell-SELEX hold significant potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
  • This review serves as a foundational database for future oligonucleotide-based therapeutic and diagnostic research.