Cement-Induced Coagulation of Aqueous Graphene Oxide with Ultrahigh Capacity and High Rate Behavior

Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physicochemical properties and is used in multiple areas. However, the potential toxicity and environmental problems associated with GO increase its risk to the ecological system. In this study, cement was employed as a coagulant to eliminate GO from aqueous solutions. The effects of the cement dosage, the contact time, and the concentration and volume of the aqueous GO solution on the GO coagulation capacity were investigated in detail. The results showed that the dosage of cement had a significant effect on the coagulation process, and coagulation equilibrium was achieved in less than 1 h. Compared to coagulants used to remove GO from water in other reports, cement exhibited an ultrahigh coagulation capacity of approximately 5981.2 mg/g with 0.4 mg/mL GO solution. The kinetic analysis showed that the GO removal behavior could be described by a pseudo second-order model. The in-depth mechanism of GO coagulation using cement included Ca²⁺-induced coagulation of GO and adsorption by the hydrated product of cement paste. The present study revealed that cement could be a very cheap and promising material for the efficient elimination of GO from aqueous solutions.