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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

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Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
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Diffuse Infiltrative Colonic Lipomatosis in a Vietnamese Pot-bellied Pig.

A Kokosinska1, D R Rissi2

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Comparative Pathology
|August 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse infiltrative gastrointestinal lipomatosis (DIGIL) is a rare condition. This case report details DIGIL in a pig

Keywords:
diffuse infiltrative colonic lipomatosisgastrointestinal lipomatosispig

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Comparative Medicine

Background:

  • Diffuse infiltrative gastrointestinal lipomatosis (DIGIL) is a rare condition characterized by adipose tissue proliferation in the GI tract.
  • This condition is seldom documented in both human and animal subjects.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig presented with obesity and gastrointestinal abnormalities.
  • Gross examination revealed a narrowed colon with a thickened, soft, white, and homogeneous wall.
  • Associated findings included bladder stones and mild pneumonia.

Findings:

  • Histopathological analysis confirmed diffuse infiltrative colonic lipomatosis, with adipose tissue replacing submucosal and muscle layers.
  • The colonic changes were consistent with DIGIL, a condition previously undescribed in pigs.
  • Minor findings included pneumonia, splenic lymphoid depletion, and testicular atrophy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the occurrence of DIGIL in pigs, expanding the known host range for this rare condition.
  • It underscores the importance of considering rare gastrointestinal pathologies in veterinary diagnostics.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms and potential treatments for DIGIL in pigs.