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Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Random and Systematic Errors

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...

Systematic Sampling Method

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...

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Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review.

Maria J Duarte^1,2, Elliott D Kozin^1,2, Miriam B Barshak^2,3,4

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts U.S.A.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology

|August 1, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Otogenic brain abscesses, a rare complication of ear infections, demand high suspicion for diagnosis. This review analyzes 1307 cases, detailing symptoms, common bacteria like Proteus mirabilis, and treatment outcomes.

Keywords:

Brain abscess computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging otologic infection

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurosurgery
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Otogenic brain abscesses are severe, life-threatening complications of otologic infections.
Their low prevalence necessitates a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review otogenic brain abscesses.
To analyze clinical presentation, bacteriology, location, treatment, morbidity, and mortality.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
Searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and Scopus.
Included 29 studies with 1307 otogenic abscess cases.

Main Results:

Abscesses predominantly in the temporal lobe (55%) and cerebellum (28%).
Most patients had chronic suppurative otitis media (88.3%). Common symptoms: headache, altered mental status, papilledema.
Proteus mirabilis was the most common pathogen; burr hole aspiration was a frequent treatment. Mortality was 8.11% post-CT.

Conclusions:

Otogenic brain abscesses, though rare, are serious complications of otitis media.
High index of suspicion, advanced imaging, and multidisciplinary care are vital for diagnosis and management.