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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
Published on: July 18, 2014
3D Printing is a Transformative Technology in Congenital Heart Disease
Shafkat Anwar1, Gautam K Singh1, Jacob Miller2
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Abstract:
Survival in congenital heart disease has steadily improved since 1938, when Dr. Robert Gross successfully ligated for the first time a patent ductus arteriosus in a 7-year-old child. To continue the gains made over the past 80 years, transformative changes with broad impact are needed in management of congenital heart disease. Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology that is fundamentally affecting patient care, research, trainee education, and interactions among medical teams, patients, and caregivers. This paper first reviews key clinical cases where the technology has affected patient care. It then discusses 3-dimensional printing in trainee education. Thereafter, the role of this technology in communication with multidisciplinary teams, patients, and caregivers is described. Finally, the paper reviews translational technologies on the horizon that promise to take this nascent field even further.
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