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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Resistivity01:22

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Equivalent Resistance01:16

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In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
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Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
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Antibiotic resistance: where are we going?

V La Fauci1, V Alessi2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino", Biological tour 1° Floor, Messina, Italy.

Annali Di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva E Di Comunita
|August 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic resistance is a major global threat, particularly in Europe. Understanding risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies against multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCarbapenem-resistantESBLMDRO

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a critical global challenge in infectious diseases.
  • Multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDROs) in hospitals increase treatment failure, morbidity, mortality, and costs.
  • Italy has high antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance rates, exceeding the European average.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight known and emerging risk factors for multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
  • To inform the development of prevention and control measures for MDROs.
  • To address the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, especially in Italy.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological analysis of multidrug-resistant microorganism infections.
  • Review of risk factors associated with MDROs.
  • Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance in Italy versus Europe.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic resistance is increasing globally and in Europe.
  • Italy ranks high in antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, particularly for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Carbapenem resistance in Italy is hyperendemic, showing rapid and alarming growth.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention and control of MDROs require identification of risk factors.
  • Addressing antibiotic resistance necessitates both individual and community-level interventions.
  • The situation in Italy highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies against antibiotic resistance.