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Aging

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Frailty Assessment in an Aging Mouse Model

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Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: August 2018.

Benjamin Zealley, Aubrey D N J de Grey

Rejuvenation Research

|August 1, 2018

Summary

This review covers novel research in DNA origami for immune receptor analysis, canine CAR T-cell therapy, neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, melanoma metastasis suppression, biomaterial self-assemblies, and antibacterial coatings.

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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
Molecular Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Advancements in personalized medicine and disease understanding necessitate innovative analytical and therapeutic tools.
The development of novel materials and biological interfaces is crucial for addressing unmet medical needs.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a curated selection of cutting-edge theses and research advancements across diverse scientific disciplines.
To highlight novel methodologies and therapeutic strategies with potential clinical and technological impact.

Main Methods:

Review of recent doctoral theses focusing on DNA origami, CAR T-cell therapy, neurodegenerative proteinopathies, melanoma metastasis, polymer/nucleic acid self-assemblies, and biomimetic coatings.
Synthesis of key findings and methodologies from selected research works.

Main Results:

Demonstrated potential of DNA origami for complex biological data analysis.
Progress in developing canine CAR T-cell therapy for translational applications.
Elucidation of endocytic vesicle rupture in neurodegenerative diseases.
Identification of metastasis suppression mechanisms in melanoma.
Exploration of self-assembly properties for biological interfaces.
Development of scalable, biomimetic, antibacterial coating technologies.

Conclusions:

The reviewed theses represent significant progress in fundamental science and applied biotechnology.
These advancements hold promise for future diagnostics, therapeutics, and material innovations.